GUJJAR SIṄGH BHAṄGĪ (d. 1788), one of the triumvirate who ruled over Lahore for thirty years before its occupation by Raṇjīt Siṅgh, was son of a cultivator of very modest means, Natthā Siṅgh. Strong and well-built, Gujjar Siṅgh received the vows of the Khālsā at the hands of his maternal grandfather Gurbakhsh Siṅgh Roṛāṅvālā, who presented him with a horse and recruited him a member of his band. As Gurbakhsh Siṅgh was growing old, he made Gujjar Siṅgh head of his band. Soon the band was united to the force of Harī Siṅgh, head of the Bhaṅgī misl or chiefship. Gujjar Siṅgh set out on a career of conquest and plunder. In 1765, he along with Lahiṇā Siṅgh, adopted son of Gurbakhsh Siṅgh, and Sobhā Siṅgh, an associate of Jai Siṅgh Kanhaiyā, captured Lahore, from the Afghāns. As Lahiṇā Siṅgh was senior in relationship, being his maternal uncle, Gujjar Siṅgh allowed Lahiṇā Siṅgh to take possession of the city and the fort, himself occupying eastern part of the city, then a jungle. Gujjar Siṅgh erected a mud fortress and invited people to settle there. He sank wells to supply water. A mosque was built for Muslims. The area, the site of present-day railway station of Lahore, still bears his name and is known as Qilā Gujjar Siṅgh. Gujjar Siṅgh next captured Eminābād, Wazīrābād, Sodhrā and about 150 villages in Gujrāṅwālā district. He then took Gujrāt from Sultān Muqarrab Khān whom he defeated under the walls of the city in December 1765, capturing both the city and the adjoining country, and making Gujrāt his headquarters. Next year, he overran Jammū, seized Islāmgaṛh, Puñchh, Dev Baṭālā and extended his territory as far as the Bhimbar hills in the north and the Mājhā country in the south. During Ahmad Shah Durrānī's eighth invasion, Gujjar Siṅgh along with other Sikh sardārs offered him strong opposition. When in January 1767, the Durrānī commander-in-chief Jahān Khān reached Amritsar at the head of 15, 000 troops, the Sikh sardārs routed the Afghān horde. Soon afterwards Gujjar Siṅgh laid siege to the famous fort of Rohtās, held by the Gakkhaṛs, with the assistance of Chaṛhat Siṅgh Sukkarchakkīā, who was on the most amicable terms with him and who gave his daughter, Rāj Kaur, in marriage to his son, Sāhib Siṅgh. Gujjar Siṅgh subjugated the warlike tribes in the northwestern Punjab and occupied portions of Poṭhohār, Rāwalpiṇḍī and Hasan Abdāl.

        Gujjar Siṅgh died at Lahore in 1788.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

  1. Seetal, Sohan Singh, The Sikh Misals and the Punjab. Ludhiana, n.d.
  2. Gupta, Hari Ram, History of the Sikhs, vol. II. Delhi, 1978
  3. Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, vol.I. Princeton, 1963
  4. Griffin, Lepel, and C.F. Massy, Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab. Lahore, 1909

Sardār Siṅgh Bhāṭīā